Leveraged Tokens Introduction

1. Introduction

The leveraged tokens is a very popular financial derivative in the traditional financial market. It is a product that tracks the yield rate of underlying assets (for example, BTC) at certain times (3 times). For example, if BTC gains 1%, the net value of the corresponding 3 times leveraged token product will rise 3%, while the -3 times product will decrease -3 %.

The leveraged token is a perpetual product that has no settlement day. Theoretically, its price will not completely approach zero, so there are no liquidation risks. Investors are able to buy/sell it at the secondary market at any time with no need for margin.

The value of the leveraged tokens product is calculated in USDT. Its trading is very similar to spot trading. The leveraged token, essentially, is a fund in shares that are pegged with the return rate of the underlying assets at certain times. Investors are able to obtain yield times more than that of the underlying asset by trading leveraged token products. When the underlying assets fluctuate against the leveraged tokens you bought over a given threshold figure, the fund management party will rebalance the fund position to ensure the loss does not exceed a limited amount.

Simply put, investors are able to gain the yield of underlying assets at certain times by trading the corresponding leveraged token product, which is free of liquidation risks via control measures taken by the fund management agent.

2. Price Mechanism of Leveraged Tokens

The leveraged tokens, essentially, are a fixed-leverage fund that allows its investors to enjoy the yield of the underlying assets at certain times every day. The fixed-leverage fund is managed by the platform or the certified fund manager. The platform will release the net value of the fund in real time to ensure transparency.

Theoretically, the net value per share is the fair price of the leveraged tokens product in the secondary market. However, due to the volatile crypto market, there’s the possibility that the transaction price in the secondary market derives from the fair price (net value) in a certain period of time, causing a premium.

When a premium exists, there’s a profit opportunity in the secondary market, so the profit-earners will take the opportunity to gain earnings and remove the premium. As such, the transaction price is back/near the fair price. For ordinary users, the order price you put shall not be too far away from the net value, or you may suffer great losses.

The following is the formula for calculating net value:

3. Rebalance Mechanism of Leveraged tokens

Generally, the rebalance will be performed at 00:00 (UTC+8) every day to avoid the enlargement of the gap between the portfolio's leverage ratio and the agreed ratio. When there is a sharp fluctuation and the underlying asset’s fluctuation exceeds a given threshold figure compared to the previous rebalance point (initially we set the threshold figure for 3x leverage short and long as 15%. In the future, if other leverages are available, the figure may be adjusted.), we will perform rebalancing to control the risk of the investment portfolio in time. The rebalancing is only for the party that has lost money in the volatile market. For example, if the BTC rises by 15%, we will rebalance the BTC3S product, and will not adjust BTC3L. Please note that when the market trend continues to rise or fall after rebalancing, the user’s loss will be decreased, but if the market trend continues after rebalancing, the bounce of the product price may also become weaker than that before the rebalance triggered.

Return Rate Dynamism

Take BTC3L (BTC 3x long product) as an example.

If the daily trend of the BTC in the spot market in four days is +10%, +10%, +10%, and +10% respectively, the return rate of BTC3L will be 185%, higher than the 3 times the return rate of BTC in the spot market (that is 44%);

If it is -10%, -10%, -10%, -10% respectively, the return rate will be -76%, lower than the 3 times return rate of BTC in the spot market (that is 35%);

If it is +10%, -10%, +10%, -10%, the return rate of BTC3L in four days will be -17%, underperforming the 3 times of BTC’s return rate in four days of 2%.

Therefore, we can see that when it exceeds a rebalance period circle, the accumulated return rate of the leveraged token product is unable to keep fixed leverage to that of the spot product. Specifically, under a single market trend (rise/fall), the performance of leveraged token will overtake the claimed leverage times (i.e. the accumulated increase amount of leveraged token product in the same direction will surpass the 3 times return rate of the underlying asset, and the accumulated decrease amount of the inverse leveraged token product will be smaller than the 3 times of the underlying asset’s return rate). However, the performance of the leveraged token products under a fluctuation market will underperform the claimed leverage times.